Taw qhia

Microneedle-raws li kev xa tshuaj tau tshwm sim los ua ib qhoTransdermal kev siv technologyuas uniquely combines covsimplicity ntawm ib thajnrog covkev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous. Los ntawm kev tsim cov kab hauv microscopic thoob plaws stratum corneum, microneedles (MNs) ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tshuaj kho mob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij thaum tswj xyuasTsawg invasiveness, yooj yim ntawm kev siv, thiab zoo heev biocompatibility. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo no tau txais kev nyiam ntau los ntawm cov zej zog tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb.

Kab lus no tsom mus rau qhovKev faib tawm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm microneedles, kos feem ntau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawmXiaowen Liu thiab Fei Xiao (Jinan University)thiabBin Du (Tongji University), npe"Microneedle-kev xa tshuaj kho mob rau cov kab mob hauv daim tawv nqaij,"luam tawm nyob rau hauvFrontiers hauv Bioengineering thiab Biotechnology.

Daim duab 1.Kev faib tawm ntawm microneedles thiab lawv cov txheej txheem kev xa khoom ntawm transdermal.

1. Khoom Microneedles (SMNs)

Txheej txheem cej luam

Khoom microneedles feem ntau yog siv raudaim tawv nqaij ua ntej-kev kho mobua ntej daim ntawv thov ntawm active tshuaj cov khoom xyaw. Lawv ua haujlwm ntawm classicpoke-thiab- thajhauv paus ntsiab lus: tsim ib ntus microchannels uas txhim khu cov permeability ntawm tom qab siv tshuaj pleev ib ce formulations.

Khoom siv

Common fabrication cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li:

Mechanism & Zoo

Tsiminstantaneous, uniform microchannelsnyob rau hauv lub stratum corneum

Txhim kho qhov tseem ceebhauv zos tshuaj penetration efficiency

Cov neeg kho tshuab siab tawv kom ntseeg tau cov tawv nqaij ntxig

Zoo sib xws yooj yim thiab tsawg - nqi los tsim

Kev txwv

Cov channel kaw nyob rau hauv cov sij hawm vim kev kho ntawm daim tawv nqaij, txwv kev tso tawm tsis tu ncua

Risk ntawmkoob tawg thiab seem seemhauv daim tawv nqaij

Tsis muaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub cev - nqa peev xwm - yuav tsum muaj ib tug cais cov tshuaj reservoir

Daim duab 2.Schematic thiab sawv cev SEM duab ntawm cov khoom microneedle.

2. Hollow Microneedles (HMNs)

Txheej txheem cej luam

Tsis zoo li cov qauv khoom, hollow microneedles feature ibInternal lumen los yog bore(inch:~50–70 μm) uas khiav los ntawm rab koob ncej-tseem ceeb ua haujlwm limicroscale hypodermic koob txhaj tshuaj.

Khoom siv

Silicon (ntawm MEMS fabrication)

iav (ntawm kos lithography)

Polymers (ntawm micro- molding lossis 3D luam ntawv)

Mechanism & Zoo

Cov kab noj hniav sab hauv tuaj yeem ua tauua ntej- thauj khoom nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mobthiab xa lawv los ntawmsiab- tsav ntwsnyob rau hauv insertion

Muaj peev xwm nqa taucov kua dej loj duatshaj lwm yam MN

Pab taumeej, controllable dosing-zoo tagnrho rau macromolecules, tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab txawminterstitial kua extractionrau kev kuaj mob

Haum rau ntau hom active molecules

Kev txwv

Fabrication yogtseem ceeb dua complex​ (yuav tsum tau digital micro-electro- tshuab tshuab)

Cov ntaub so ntswg nruj tuaj yeem ua raulumen cloggingthaum nkag

Cov nqi tsim khoom siab dua thiab lub sijhawm ntau lawm

Daim duab 3.Schematic thiab ua hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm hollow microneedles.

3. Dissolving Microneedles (DMNs)

Txheej txheem cej luam

Dissolving microneedles yog fabricated nkaus los ntawmdej -cov ntaub ntawv soluble, biodegradableembedded nrog cov kws kho mob. Thaum muab tso, koob matrixdissolves los yog degrades nyob rau hauv situ, tso lub payload ncaj qha rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij -tsis muaj kev tshem tawm lossis pov tseg cov kauj ruam yuav tsum tau ua.

Khoom siv

• Qab Zib: Maltose, trehalose
• Ntuj polymers: Hyaluronic acid (HA), dextran, gelatin
• Synthetic biodegradable polymers: PLGA, PVA, PVP

• Mechanism & Zoo

• Biocompatibility zoo heevthiab kev ruaj ntseg profile
• Tsis muaj cov khib nyiab kho mob ntse-tag nrho cov cuab yeej yaj, tshem tawm biohazard pov tseg

Qhov tseem ceebtxhim kho kev ua raws li tus neeg mob; haum rau tus kheej - kev tswj hwm

Muab ibtshiab paradigm rau lub sij hawm ntev -, kev tswj kab mob

Tshawb nrhiav ntau yam rau ntau yam xwm txheej:mob qog noj ntshav, ntshav qab zib, psoriasis, kev xa tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab ntau dua

Kev txwv

Mechanical zog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo sib npaug nrog tus nqi dissolution

Tshuaj stability thaum lub sij hawm cia thiab fabrication txheej txheem yuav tsum optimization

Lub peev xwm thauj tshuaj yog qhov kawg thiab nyob ntawm matrix muaj pes tsawg leeg

Daim duab 4.​ Cov txheej txheem microneedle thiab hauv - txheej txheem degradation ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

4. Coated Microneedles (CMNs)

Txheej txheem cej luam

Coated microneedles yogkhoom MNs nrog cov txheej txheem kho mobtau thov rau ntawm rab koob nto. Cov tshuaj raug tso tawm thaum txheej txheej dissolves lossis detaches raws li daim tawv nqaij.

Txheej Txheej

Mechanism & Zoo

Kev tso tshuaj sai saitam sim ntawd thaum tso

Precise koob tshuaj-Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj xa tawm yog txiav txim los ntawm txheej txheej thiab thaj chaw saum npoo

Yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam; zoo- haum rausiab-muaj zog, qis- tshuaj noj(piv txwv li, tshuaj tiv thaiv, peptides)

Nqi -zoo thiab scalable

Kev txwv

Drug loading yogtxwv los ntawm thaj chaw saum npoo avntawm microneedle

Txheej muaj peev xwmdetach thaum insertionlos yog degrade thaum khaws cia

Ua kom cov txheej txheej tuab tuab thiab ntev - lub sij hawm ruaj khov tseem yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev tsim

Daim duab 5.​ Coated microneedle fabrication ntawm dip-txheej thiab tshuaj tsuag- txheej txheej.

Cov ntsiab lus sib piv

Cov lus xaus

Txhua MN architecture muaj ibsib txawv ntawm kev ua lag luam -offsnyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm, tso tawm kinetics, manufacturing complexity, thiab kho kom haum. Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rautxuam rau txoj cai MN platform rau txoj cai daim ntawv thov kev kho mob-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob sai ntawmmicroneedle-kev kho tshuaj kho mob rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab microfabrication txuas ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav muaj ntau yam kev sib xyaw ua ke uas sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws ntawm plaub hom- coj peb los ze zog rau qhov tiagtus kheej, tsis mob, thiab precision transdermal kho.