Microneedles (MNs) yog cov qauv koob microscale tsim los rau kev xa cov tshuaj transdermal, kev kuaj cov kua dej sib txuas, kuaj pom cov teeb liab, biosensing, thiab lwm yam kev siv biomedical. Tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm lawvtsis mob, me me invasive, thiab neeg siv - phooj ywgxwm, MNs tau nyiam kev tshawb fawb dav dav. Ib qho MN ib txwm muaj los ntawm25-2000 μm ntev, nrog lub ntsis loj ntawm10–20 μm-tshaj ntse dua li cov koob tshuaj hypodermic. Qhov geometry no ua rau MNs nkag mus tau yooj yimstratum corneum(cov tawv nqaij sab nrauv) thiab tsim cov microchannels, thaum txhob txwm tsis txhob sib cuag nrog cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv cov epidermis thiab dermis.

Lub tswv yim ntawm MN fabrication yog thawj zaug hauv1976kom kov yeej cov kev txwv ntawm cov tshuaj transdermal tshuaj. Txij li thaum1990s, tau tsav los ntawm kev nce qib hauv cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub microfabrication, ntau yam MNs tau ua tiav tiav thiab siv dav hauv kev kho mob.

Ua raws li peb cov kev sib tham yav dhau los ntawm microneedle thaj ua rau thaj thiab qhov kev nce qib tshiab tshaj plaws hauv kev xa tawm, Engineering rau Lub Neej (EFL) nthuav qhia qhov kev faib tawm ntawm MNs raws li lawv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov qauv tsim qauv thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb.

Tsib Yam Tseem Ceeb Ntawm Microneedles

(Siv: Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas Tshuaj Zoo Tshaj Plaws, 2019 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2019.10.004)

1. Khoom Microneedles (SMNs)

Cov khoom microneedles yog fabricated rau ntawm ib tug planar substrate, feem ntau teem nyob rau hauv arrays xws li los ntawm5 × 5 rau 20 × 20, zoo ib yam li lub phaj spiked.

📌 Case Study: Fabrication thiab characterization ntawm kub-coated khoom silicon microneedles nrog txhim kho biocompatibility- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2596-3

2. Hollow Microneedles (HMNs)

Hollow microneedle yog qhov tseem ceeb cov koob tshuaj hypodermicscaled mus rau micrometer qhov ntev. Lawv tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa raws li ib rab koob lossis ib qho array mounted ntawm lub hauv paus, uas tej zaum yuav txuas nrog ib qho khoom siv sab nraud uas muab lub zog tsav los txhaj cov kua los yog tshuaj los ntawm cov lumen sab hauv.

📌 Case Studyib: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0008983

3. Coated Microneedles (CMNs)

Coated microneedles yog fabricated sivbiodegradable thiab biocompatible cov ntaub ntawv, muaj peev xwm xa tau sai heev -molecular- cov tshuaj hnyav rau hauv daim tawv nqaij. Cov tshuaj raug muab khaws cia rau hauv ib theem khoom raws li txheej txheej ntawm rab koob nto, uas ua rau lub sijhawm ntev - ruaj khov.

📌 Case Study: Ib txoj kev tshiab rau fabrication ntawm coated microneedles nrog homogeneous thiab tswj tau cov tshuaj ntau npaum rau transdermal tshuaj xa- https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-022-01123-8

4. Dissolving Microneedles (DMNs)

Dissolving microneedles yog tsim los ntawmbiocompatible, dej- cov ntaub ntawv soluble matrix, tshem tawm cov kev txhawj xeeb txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm rab koob thiab biocompatibility. Thaum nkag, cov lus qhia koob yaj hauv cov kua nruab nrab, ib txwm tso cov tshuaj encapsulated.

📌 Case Study: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120749

5. Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles (HFMNs)

Hydrogel- ua microneedles yog npaj los ntawmhydrogel{0}} ua cov polymeric matrices. Thaum nkag mus, cov arrays sai sai nqus cov kua dej interstitial, ua rau cov hydrogel o thiab tsim.nruam, unobstructed conduitsrau sustained tshuaj permeation.

Summary Comparison Table

Nco tseg: Qhov kev faib tawm thiab cov ntsiab lus qhia txuj ci no yog sau los ntawm Engineering rau Lub Neej (EFL). Yog xav tau kev pab ntxiv lossis kev sib koom tes, thov hu rau EFL ncaj qha.