Vim li cas Ordinary Steel Needles ploj hauv qab Ultrasound Thaum Echogenic Needles nyob kaj

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-72620-8

Kom nkag siab li casechogenic mobkoob ua hauj lwm, ib tug yuav tsum xub tuav lub hauv paus mechanisms ntawm kev kho mob ultrasound duab. Ultrasound probes emit high - zaus suab nthwv dej ntawm 1.5–15 MHz rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Vim qhov sib txawv ntawm acoustic impedance (Z=ρ × c, ceev × ceev ntawm lub suab) ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv, kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam tshwm sim. Echoes tau txais los ntawm kev sojntsuam tau ua tiav rau hauv cov duab greyscale- muaj zog xav pom dawb (hyperechoic), thaum tsis muaj zog / tsis pom kev tshwm sim dub (anechoic lossis hypoechoic).

Cov phab ntsa ntawm cov koob kho mob zoo tib yam stainless hlau koob, tom qab electropolishing, yog tus du heev, nrog rau thaj tsam kwv yees cov iav zoo tagnrho. Thaum ultrasound ntaus ntawm tsis yog - cov kaum sab xis (qhov xwm txheej hauv kev kho mob feem ntau hauv - dav hlau punctures), specular reflection tshwm sim ntawm cov hlau du. Lub reflected nthwv dej deflects deb ntawm qhov kev sojntsuam tau txais sector raws li txoj cai ntawm vaj huam sib luag teeb meem thiab reflected ces kaum, rov qab yuav luag tsis muaj ncha mus rau lub transducer. Yog li ntawd, koob lub cev darkens los yog txawm ploj tag nrho ntawm qhov screen. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv ntawm acoustic impedance muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, qhov du nruam cylindrical nto ua rau tsis muaj zog tawg cov cim, ua rau nruab nrab - ncej ntu tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyuaj rau kev pom.

Echogenic koob kov yeej qhov kev txwv no los ntawm kev nquag qhia txog qhov chaw backscattering ntau:

• Micro- hloov kho thaj chaw (sandblasting etching/micro-dimples/spiral micro-grooves/corner reflectors):​ Laser engraving los yog tshuaj etching tsim micron - nplai ntxhib ntxhib ntxhib los mos pits nyob rau hauv kwv yees li 5-30 hli los ntawm rab koob los yog raws tag nrho cov ncej, cuam tshuam nto continuity. Cov microstructures tawg qhov xwm txheej ultrasound rov qab mus rau qhov kev sojntsuam los ntawm ntau cov lus qhia; tshwj xeeb tsim "pob pob zeb reflectors" xyuas kom tsawg kawg ib nrab nqaj rov qab hla ntau qhov dav.
• Acoustic impedance mismatch interfaces (polymer gas-microbubble coatings):kaw microbubbles (cua / N₂ / inert gas) ntawm 1-5 μm txoj kab uas hla yog uniformly dispersed nyob rau hauv ib tug kho mob polyurethane / silicone polymer matrix. Cov npuas, polymer, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm acoustic impedance, ua rau muaj zog Rayleigh tawg. Cov txheej txheej microbubble tuaj yeem txhim kho rab koob lub cev ncha siv los ntawm 15-25 dB, tswj kev ci dawb banding txawm tawm tsam cov keeb kwm nyuaj.
• Gradient thiab zoned tsim:​ High-cov khoom kawg segmentally tswj microbubble concentration los yog etch ceev raws lub koob axis - ntxiv dag zog rau qhov kev xav ntawm qhov distal (ntsiab) ntu ​​rau qhov tseeb hauv cheeb tsam thaum nruab nrab txo qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv ntau dhau los ntawm kev npog lub hom phiaj tob.

Cov lus ceeb toom tseem ceeb: yog tias cov txheej txheem polymer microbubble tau muab tso rau hauv lub sijhawm ntev - lossis raug rov ua dua uas tso cai rau cov kua dej nkag mus, microbubbles yuav raug tshem tawm, ua rau ncha attenuation. Lub cev etched hom yog tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm immersion tab sis entail ntau dua manufacturing complexity. Tsis hais txog ntawm cov txheej txheem, cov ntsiab lus yog tsim los tsim kom muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov taw qhia acoustic reflection / scattering interfaces los hloov "specular dim" rau hauv "diffuse reflection return," ua kom lub koob txuas ntxiv "glowing" hauv lub ultrasound sector.