Txoj Kev Txhim Kho Ntawm Microneedle Therapy Hauv Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Thiab Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microneedles

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev cob qhia ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom paub txog thiab tua cov kab mob, thaum kev tsis haum tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev rov ua kom tsis haum tshuaj. Ob leeg sib koom lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog lossis hloov kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiabmicroneedleTxoj kev kho tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv rau qhov no - nws tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv immunogenicity xwb tab sis kuj ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua siab ntev induction hauv kev kho kev tsis haum tshuaj.

Cov txheej txheem los ntawm microneedles txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo yog los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob microenvironment ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov tawv nqaij yog lub cev loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, densely populated nrog Langerhans hlwb, dendritic hlwb, thiab macrophages nyob rau hauv lub epidermis thiab dermis. Cov antigen kws tshaj lij no- nthuav tawm cov cell zoo ntes, txheej txheem, thiab nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau T-cov cell hauv cov qog ntshav. Tsoos tshuaj intramuscular txhaj tshuaj xa cov antigens rau hauv cov leeg nqaij, qhov chaw tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev yog qis dua li ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Yog li ntawd, kev txhaj tshuaj microneedle tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qis dua. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas tau lees paub tias kev txhaj tshuaj microneedle yuav tsum tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj los tsim qhov sib npaug lossis ntau dua hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, kev txhaj tshuaj microneedle ua rau muaj zog T-cell tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshem tawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev thiab muab kev tiv thaiv ntoo khaub lig-.

Thaum lub sijhawm COVID-19 kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv microneedle tau raug lees paub tag nrho. Lub microneedle-raws li COVID-19 tshuaj tiv thaiv thaj ua rau pom qhov tshwm sim zoo siab hauv Phase II kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas: ib koob tshuaj ua rau geometric txhais tau tias tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob titers 1.5 npaug siab dua cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob mRNA ib txwm muaj, thiab txhua tus neeg tau tsim cov lus teb tshwj xeeb T-cell. Tsis tas li ntawd, thermal stability ntawm microneedle cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tso cai rau lawv khaws cia hauv chav sov li tsawg kawg peb lub hlis, tuav lub tswv yim tseem ceeb rau kev txhaj tshuaj loj hauv thaj chaw muaj peev txheej txwv.

Daim ntawv thov ntawm microneedle hauv kev tsis haum tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov zoo sib xws. Kev kho mob desensitization ib txwm siv rau kev ua xua thiab mob hawb pob yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous txhua lub lim tiam lossis txhua hli ntawm cov tshuaj allergen rho tawm dhau 3- rau- 5-xyoo chav kawm, ua rau cov neeg mob tsis tshua muaj kev ua raws. Microneedle thaj ua rau thaj tuaj yeem xa cov tshuaj tsis haum xws li paj ntoos lossis plua plav mites ntawm tus nqi tswj mus rau Langerhans hlwb hauv cov epidermis. Cov hlwb no yuav ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm T-cell sib txawv, yog li tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob es tsis txhob ua xua. Cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam pom tau hais tias tom qab 6 lub hlis ntawm cov plua plav desensitization siv microneedle thaj ua rau thaj, cov neeg mob cov tsos mob ntawm qhov ntswg tau txo qis los ntawm 55%, kev siv tshuaj poob qis los ntawm 60%, thiab tsis muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj loj. Piv nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj ib txwm muaj, kev kho microneedle ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv zos me me, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo qis dua, thiab tuaj yeem tswj hwm tus kheej hauv tsev.

Los ntawm kev xav txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob microneedle yog tshwm sim tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab T-cells, tab sis nyob rau hauv lawv qhov zoo. Txoj kev xa microneedle ua rau muaj feem ntau dua ntawm Th1- hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov mucosal IgA tso tawm, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsws thiab lub plab zom mov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev txhawb nqa lub cev ntawm microneedles tso tawm Kev puas tsuaj-Txoj Cai Molecular Patterns (DAMPs), uas ua raws li endogenous adjuvants txhawm rau txhim kho antigen immunogenicity- ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv "adjuvant effect."

Microneedling yog redefining lub ntsiab lus ntawm "immunotherapy." Nws tsis yog tsuas yog kev txhim kho hauv kev xa tshuaj tab sis ua tiav ntau dua, muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, thiab yooj yim dua kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev siv daim tawv nqaij ua lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob desensitization ua tau yooj yim xws li siv Band-Kev pab, tib neeg lub peev xwm los tawm tsam tus kab mob yuav mus txog qhov siab tshiab.