Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Xaiv Ntawm Cov Koob Raws Li Cov Ntawv Thov Kev Sib Txawv

Taw qhia: Koob Matching Logic nyob rau hauv Era ntawm Precision Tshuaj
Hauv kev xyaum kho mob niaj hnub no, kev xaiv cov koob txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm qhov yooj yim "loj" kev txiav txim siab mus rau ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab -dimensional -} ua cov txheej txheem raws li kev tshuaj tshuaj, lub cev, lub cev muaj zog, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm tus neeg mob. Cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau cov koob tsis sib txawv hauv cov xwm txheej kho mob sib txawv qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm kev ua haujlwm empirical mus rau kev ua tiav.
Fluid dynamics optimization of drug delivery scenarios
Kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tswj hwm, thiab kev xaiv ntawm rab koob yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj, lub ntim ntim, thiab kev nqus kinetics. Anticoagulants xws li qis-molecular- hnyav heparin feem ntau siv 34G (0.18mm) × 4mm ultra- koob luv luv. Qhov kev tsim no yog ua raws li ob txoj kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb: Hauv xyoo 2017, phau ntawv Journal Diabetes Care tau lees paub tias thaj chaw siv tshuaj diffusion hauv subcutaneous rog nrog lub koob 4 hli tsis suav nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm 5 hli koob, tab sis qhov mob tau txo los ntawm 30%; Hauv xyoo 2020, kev tshawb fawb hauv Thrombosis thiab Haemostasis tau qhia tias kev siv cov koob tshuaj ultra{13}} zoo txo ​​qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tawv nqaij tom qab txhaj tshuaj los ntawm 24% mus rau 9%.
Kev xaiv ntawm rab koob rau kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular yog qhov tseeb dua anatomically. Raws li qhov sib txawv tuab ntawm gluteus maximus, deltoid, thiab vastus lateralis cov leeg ntawm cov neeg sib txawv, tau tsim ib qho kev xaiv matrix:
- Cov neeg laus deltoid txhaj tshuaj: Nws raug nquahu kom siv 25G (0.5mm) × 16mm koob, uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov nruab nrab tuab ntawm 12-18mm ntawm cov leeg deltoid thaum tsis txhob kov lub periosteum.
- Tus me nyuam mos thiab me nyuam me me rau cov leeg nqaij sab nraud: Nws raug pom zoo kom siv 26G (0.45mm) × 13mm koob, haum rau cov menyuam mos uas muaj cov leeg tuab ntawm 6-10mm.
- Hauv cov neeg mob rog rog, pob tw pob tw: Ib rab koob ntev 22G (0.7mm) × 38mm yuav tsum tau siv los xyuas kom meej nkag mus ntawm 25-35mm subcutaneous rog txheej.
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nyob rau hauv nws cov viscosity adjuvant thiab cov cai rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog aluminium adjuvants muaj viscosity txog li 20-30 mPa·s (20 npaug ntawm cov ntsev ib txwm), thiab yuav tsum muaj 23-25G koob los tsim kom muaj zog shear txaus. Lub caij no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA yuav tsum nkag mus rau cytoplasm. Cov leeg nqaij sab hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm 24G × 16mm koob yog 40% siab dua li ntawm rab koob zoo dua, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov pom qhov tob ntawm endocytosis.
Kev txiav txim siab rheological ntawm kev sau cov ntshav scenario
Kev xaiv cov koob rau kev sau cov ntshav venous yog ib daim ntawv thov ntawm hemorheology. Kev sau cov ntshav ib txwm siv 21G (0.8mm) koob, thiab nws cov qauv tsim yog raws li cov khoom tsis yog-Newtonian cov kua dej ntawm cov ntshav hauv 0.8mm txoj kab uas hla: thaum lub shear tus nqi nce mus txog 200 s⁻¹, cov viscosity ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav txo los ntawm 4.5 mPa·s qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntws mus rau 3.2 mPa.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kuaj ntshav tshwj xeeb, kev xaiv ntawm koob ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem:
- Coagulation function test: Siv ib rab koob nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 21G kom tsis txhob ua kom cov platelets vim muaj zog shear los ntawm qhov me me diameters.
- Kev sau ntshav kab lis kev cai: Pom zoo siv 19G (1.1mm) koob kom txo qis hemolysis (los ntawm 5.3% mus rau 1.1%).
- Kev sau ntshav rau cov menyuam mos: Siv 25G rab koob npauj npaim, nrog rau tag nrho cov ntim tuag tswj tau qis dua 0.1 mL.
Kev sau ntshav arterial yuav tsum muaj cov qauv siab dua rau cov koob. Qhov tshwj xeeb puncture koob rau cov hlab ntsha radial muaj peb yam ntxwv: 24G nyias txoj kab uas hla los txo cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj, tsim tshwj xeeb conical tip tsim los tiv thaiv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, thiab cov ntim tuag ntawm heparin txheej ntawm 0.05 mL. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias rab koob no txo ​​qis qhov ua yuam kev ntawm cov ntshav ntsuas ntshav los ntawm 8.2% nrog cov koob tshuaj rau 2.1%.
Kev daws teeb meem engineering rau kev kho mob tshwj xeeb
Hauv kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav, kev xaiv ntawm rab koob ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv ablation. Lub 14G (2.1mm) cannula koob siv rau microwave ablation muaj ib coaxial cable thiab cua txias channel, thiab lub ntsis kub sensor muaj qhov tseeb ntawm ± 0.5 degree. 19G koob tshwj xeeb yog siv rau kev kho tsis tau electroporation (nanoknife) yog tswj cov electrode sib nrug ntawm 2.0mm, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ua yuam kev ntawm qhov sib xws ntawm cov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua 5%.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb rau kev kho mob muaj cov cai tshwj xeeb rau cov koob. 18G Tuohy koob siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj loog epidural, nrog nws cov cim arc -zoo li tus blunt tip design, tuaj yeem coj cov catheter rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb thaum txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus txha caj qaum dural puncture (los ntawm 3.2% mus rau 0.8%). 22G luv inclined koob (nrog rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm 15 degree) siv rau cov paj hlwb muaj 60% pom kev zoo dua nyob rau hauv ultrasound piv rau cov koob tshuaj, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov paj hlwb raug mob yog txo los ntawm 70%.
Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce, kev tsim kho tshiab hauv koob yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua haujlwm. Lub micro-needle roller nta 192 kev kho mob- qib stainless hlau koob nrog 34G loj thiab teem caij ntawm lub kaum sab xis 15 degree, ua kom muaj kev sib faib ntawm txhua qhov micro- qhov ntawm qhov tob ntawm 1.5mm. Lub siab -viscosity muab tub lim- tshwj xeeb blunt-tipped cannula koob (25G × 50mm) muaj qhov sib npaug thiab blunt koob taub uas tuaj yeem ua raws li cov ntaub so ntswg dav hlau, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawmvascular puas tsuaj los ntawm 95% piv rau cov koob ntse.
Tus neeg mob- tau tsav cov kev xaiv tus kheej
Kev xaiv cov koob rau cov neeg mob menyuam yaus yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov mob, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm rab koob tsis siv neeg txhaj tshuaj, uas tsuas yog tso lub koob sai sai thiab rov thim rov qab tam sim tom qab lub pob nyem, tau txo qhov mob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus (FLACC scale) los ntawm 8 cov ntsiab lus mus rau 3 cov ntsiab lus. Cov koob mos mos rau cov menyuam yaus siv cov tshuaj insulin twj tso kua mis, nrog rau 30℃ntxig lub kaum sab xis thiab cov khoom siv polyurethane, tau txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zos thaum 7-hnub tuav ntawm 28% mus rau 7%.
Kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg laus muaj xws li tawv nqaij elasticity, vascular fragility, thiab nqaij atrophy. Lub "skin fold elevation assist needle" tsim los rau cov tawv nqaij laxity nta silicone protrusion 5 hli tom qab rab koob, uas tuaj yeem ruaj khov qhov siab ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov koob sau cov ntshav tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg mob uas muaj vascular fragility muaj ib rab koob tshwj xeeb hauv av uas txo cov puncture quab yuam los ntawm 40%, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm bruising txo los ntawm 31% mus rau 12%.
Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj cov kab mob tshwj xeeb kuj tau tsav cov koob txhaj tshuaj tshiab. Lub koob tshwj xeeb kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg mob hemophilia muaj peb txheej ntawm kev tiv thaiv: lub koob txhaj tshuaj yuav kaw tam sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj, cov txheej hauv silicone ntawm rab koob txo qis kev sib txhuam, thiab lub qhov rais pob tshab ntawm rab koob tso cai rau kev soj ntsuam cov ntshav rov qab los. Rau cov neeg mob uas muaj rog hyperplasia vim txhaj tshuaj insulin, koob 4 hli raug pom zoo thiab txhaj tshuaj ntawm 45-degree kaum. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias txoj kev no txo ​​cov coefficient ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj nqus los ntawm 25% mus rau 12%.
Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm Scene Integration: Intelligent Adaptation System
Txoj kev txhim kho rau tsib xyoos tom ntej no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm -paub cov koob ntse ntse. Lub koob nruab nrog micro-siab sensors tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov kev hloov hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tsis kam nyob rau lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab tuaj yeem kho cov koob txhaj tshuaj nrawm. Lub koob tshuaj ntsuam spectral tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov ntaub so ntswg thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm puncture, zam kev tsis sib haum xeeb rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Lub tshuab kev kawm algorithm yuav cia li pom zoo cov koob tsis pom zoo raws li tus neeg mob cov ntaub ntawv kho mob hauv hluav taws xob, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv anatomical ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, ua rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kom ua tiav kev tswj hwm tus kheej thiab meej thoob plaws tag nrho cov txheej txheem.