https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/breast-biopsy/about/pac-20384812

Lub mis biopsycov khoom siv, raws li cov cuab yeej kho mob precision uas ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg, muaj lawv cov kev ua tau zoo, kev nyab xeeb, thiab cov neeg mob kev paub dhau los txiav txim siab los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Los ntawm ib txwm stainless hlau mus rau qib siab nickel-titanium alloys, thiab los ntawm cov qauv yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, txhua qhov kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb yog tsav kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev siv tshuab biopsy.

Cov evolution thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv nqaij. Kev kho mob- qib stainless hlau (xws li 316L, 17-4PH, thiab 17-7PH) tau ntev los ua tus thawj coj vim lawv lub zog tshwj xeeb, hardness, thiab corrosion kuj. Their high rigidity ensures that the needle remains straight during penetration, enabling precise access to deep or dense lesions-particularly advantageous for sampling bone or calcified tissues. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nyuaj ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel yuav ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntau dua. Kev taw qhia ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys tau coj kev hloov pauv loj; Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb, qhov hnyav qis, thiab biocompatibility zoo heev, txo cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov neeg mob tsis xis nyob. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, npib tsib xee-titanium alloy (Nitinol) tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau heev vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb superelasticity (zoo li lub cim xeeb nyhuv) thiab superior yooj. Cov koob tshuaj biopsy ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem hloov kho txoj hauv kev yooj yim anatomical, txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig, ua rau lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau kev nkag mus rau qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev sib tw tortuous lossis nyob ze cov qauv tseem ceeb.

Daim ntawv thov cov ntaub ntawv polymer tau nthuav dav tsim muaj peev xwm rau cov cuab yeej biopsy. Txawm hais tias rab koob cov lus qhia thiab cov khoom txiav tseem xav tau cov hlau los xyuas kom meej thiab lub zog, koob hubs, tuav, txuas tubing, thiab vaj tse yog dav tsim los ntawm kev kho mob- qib engineering yas xws li acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), thiab polyether ether ketone (PEEK). Cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog tsuas yog txo cov ntsuas qhov hnyav thiab tus neeg ua haujlwm qaug zog tab sis kuj muaj cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo thiab moldability, ua kom ergonomic kov tsim uas txhim khu kev nplij siab thiab kev ruaj ntseg thaum siv. Kev siv dav dav ntawm cov koob txhaj tshuaj pov tseg yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv polymer hauv kev txo cov nqi thiab ua kom muaj kev txhaj tshuaj ntau dua - cov qauv pwm.

Nto engineering thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau kom txo tau qhov ua tsis taus, txo cov ntaub so ntswg puas, thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb, cov thev naus laus zis kho saum npoo tau siv dav. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), feem ntau hu ua Teflon, yog cov txheej txheem lubricated tshaj plaws, txo qis kev sib txhuam coefficient ntawm rab koob nto, yog li ua rau cov txheej txheem puncture smoother thiab txo cov neeg mob tsis xis nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheej hydrophilic ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws los ntawm kev tsim cov hydrated txheej ntawm rab koob nto. Antibacterial coatings-xws li silver ion coatings- ncaj qha hais txog kev pheej hmoo kis kab mob los ntawm kev tso tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tu ncua rau ntawm rab koob nto, txo qhov yuav kis tau tus kab mob ntawm qhov chaw puncture, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg mob tiv thaiv kab mob. Qee cov khoom siv siab- kawg kuj tseem siv pob zeb diamond-zoo li carbon (DLC) txheej, uas tsis tsuas yog tuav lubricity tab sis kuj txhim kho qhov tawv tawv thiab hnav tsis kam, ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm lub cuab yeej thaum siv hauv cov ntaub so ntswg nyuaj.

Lub precision thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem ua kom cov khoom sib xws thiab kev ntseeg tau. Biopsy koob ntau lawm suav nrog ntau cov kauj ruam, suav nrog kev kos duab, laser txiav, micro- sib tsoo, vuam, thiab sib dhos. Lub koob raj yog tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias- kos duab ua haujlwm uas maj mam txo lub raj txoj kab uas hla mus rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb (xws li 14G, 16G), thaum tswj cov phab ntsa thickness uniformity thiab sab hauv du du kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov qauv sau. Koob tip formation yog ib qho tseem ceeb technology, ua tiav los ntawm peb -dimensional precision sib tsoo los yog laser txiav, tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb bevel kaum sab xis (feem ntau 15-25 degrees) thiab ib tug ntse ntug los pab kom huv si cov ntaub so ntswg txiav thiab nrhiav tau ntawm cov qauv tsis zoo. Daim ntawv thov kev sib sau ua ke thiab hauv -kab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thev naus laus zis ua rau 100% kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb xws li lub ntsej muag ntse, kev nkag mus rau lub zog, thiab kev sib txuas lub zog, kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam thoob plaws txhua lub koob xa khoom.

Kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog tsom rau cov ntaub ntawv ntse thiab teb. Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv polymer nrog cov khoom siv biodegradable los tsim cov cim clips lossis cov koom haum pabcuam uas degrade ntawm cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab tshaj plaws suav nrog "cov koob tshuaj tua kab mob ntse" ua ke nrog micro-sensors, muaj peev xwm muab cov lus qhia tiag tiag - lub sij hawm tawm tswv yim ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg impedance, siab, los yog kub thaum lub sij hawm ntxig, pab cov kws kho mob txiav txim siab txoj hauj lwm koob thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov txhab. Kev siv cov nanomaterials hauv cov tshuaj tswj kev tso tawm lossis cov ntawv cim npe tseem muaj peev xwm ua ke nrog kev kuaj ntshav biopsy thiab kho. Kev tsim kho tshiab tsis tu ncua hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb yog tsav cov cuab yeej biopsy ntawm lub mis mus rau cov txheej txheem ua kom tsawg tsawg, txhim kho kev txawj ntse, thiab nce tus kheej.