Yav tom ntej Trends Thiab Innovation Frontiers - Ib qho kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov koob ntse rau kev kho mob tsis mob

Hauv chav kuaj ntawm Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ib lub koob txhaj tshuaj zoo tib yam yog ntsiag to hloov pauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev kho mob. Raws li lub taub hau pierces daim tawv nqaij, lub built-in micro-sensor pib ntsuas cov ntaub so ntswg impedance. Tsis pub dhau 0.1 vib nas this, nws txiav txim siab seb lub koob taub yog nyob rau hauv subcutaneous rog txheej los yog cov leeg nqaij txheej, thiab tau kho qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tsis pub dhau - qhov no tsis yog science ntawv tseeb, tab sis qhov pib ntawm cov ntse txhaj tshuaj kiv puag ncig.
Multimodal sensing ntawm perceptual - hom koob
Kev txhaj tshuaj ib txwm muaj xws li "qhov muag tsis pom kev", thaum lub cim tshiab ntawm koob tau txais "kev pom" thiab "tactile" muaj peev xwm. "Lub koob ntse ntse" tsim los ntawm University of California, Berkeley, integrates micro-fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub koob raj. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov kev xav tau, nws tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov rog (tsis tshua muaj impedance), cov leeg (nruab nrab impedance), thiab cov hlab ntsha (siab impedance nrog pulsating signals) nyob rau lub sijhawm. Lub tswv yim los ntawm Tokyo University ntawm Nyiv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj: embedding 64 micro-electrodes nyob rau hauv ib tug 0.3- millimeter-diameter koob raj los tsim ib tug hluav taws xob impedance tomography (EIT) array, uas muaj peev xwm kos cov ntaub so ntswg tomographic duab nyob rau hauv ib tug 3-millimeter vojvoog nyob ib ncig ntawm lub koob patial 5 s.
Dab tsi muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua rau kev kho mob yog "kho qhov muag koob": ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag uas muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 125 micrometers tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm rab koob, txuas rau ze ntawm -infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) lossis Raman spectrometer. Thaum lub koob mus txog ntawm cov qog, cov kev hloov hauv cov yam ntxwv wavelength spectral tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub sijhawm. Qhov tseeb ntawm prostate cancer biopsy tau nce los ntawm 65% siv cov txheej txheem ib txwm mus rau 92%. US FDA tau pom zoo thawj qhov kho qhov muag - koob coj mus kuaj mob qog noj ntshav mis hauv xyoo 2023.
Lub kiv puag ncig meej ntawm kev xa tshuaj
Kev txhaj tshuaj ib txwm zoo li "dej nyab nrog dej", thaum kev tswj xyuas cov tshuaj muaj tseeb yuav tsum muaj "drip irrigation system". Cov "segmented tso koob" tsim los ntawm MIT integrates peb ywj siab microchannels nyob rau hauv lub koob raj, uas muaj peev xwm ua raws li cov tshuaj loog, cov tshuaj kho mob thiab cov tshuaj hemostatic, nrog rau lub sij hawm luv luv ntsuas raws li millisecond. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj yog "micro-needle array thaj": pua pua ntawm degradable micro- koob nrog qhov ntev ntawm 500-800 micrometers tsim microchannels ib ntus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tsis tu ncua tso tshuaj hauv 24 teev. Lub Sumaptran micro-needle thaj ua haujlwm tsim los ntawm US tuam txhab Zosano Pharma yog siv los kho mob migraines thiab siv sijhawm li 5 feeb, nrog rau bioavailability ntawm 85% piv rau kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous.
Rau cov neeg mob uas yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj ntev ntev, qhov "implantable micro-pump + intelligent needle" system tau dhau los ua qhov sib txawv. Lub twj tso kua mis insulin siv los ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tam sim no tuaj yeem cog rau hauv subcutaneously nrog 27G blunt koob thiab yuav tsum tau hloov txhua 3 hnub. Cov tiam tom ntej ntawm cov khoom yuav integrate glucose sensors. Thaum nws pom qhov nce hauv cov ntshav qab zib, lub twj tso kua mis micro piezoelectric yuav cia li thawb 0.01 units ntawm insulin, ua tiav qhov tseeb kaw - voj tswj. 670G hybrid kaw- lub voj voog ntawm Medtronic hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txo qis glycated hemoglobin los ntawm 0.5%.
Qhov ntau- qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv tshuab tsis muaj mob
Kev mob yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau kev txhaj tshuaj, thiab kev daws teeb meem los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau yam kev qhuab qhia:
1. Vibration analgesia: Ib micro-linear resonant actuator (LRA) tau muab tso rau hauv rab koob los tsim micro- vibrations ntawm zaus ntawm 100Hz thiab acceleration ntawm 0.8G. Daim ntawv thov ntawm no "qhov rooj tswj txoj kev xav" ua rau lub paj hlwb afferent thiab inhibits kev sib kis ntawm qhov mob, txo qhov mob (VAS) los ntawm 40%. Cov khoom siv British Buzzy® tau siv rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus.
2. Kev siv tshuaj loog txias: Lub micro thermoelectric txias nti (TEC) yog sib xyaw ua ke nyob ib ncig ntawm lub koob taub, uas tuaj yeem ua kom txias ntawm 2 hli ntawm thaj tsam ntawm rab koob mus rau 4℃nyob rau hauv 0.5 vib nas this, ib ntus thaiv cov hlab ntsha conduction. Lub koob "CryoJet" tsim los ntawm Kaus Lim Qab Teb kom txo qhov mob mus txog 60%.
3. Kev pab cuam Ultrasound: Ib lub piezoelectric ceramic yog muab tso rau hauv rab koob kom emit 1MHz ultrasound nthwv dej, ua kom muaj micro- nqus cov nyhuv thiab ib ntus "them" cov hlab ntsha xaus. Kev sim tshuaj ntawm American Sona ™ koob qhia tias 81% ntawm cov neeg mob tau tshaj tawm "yuav luag tsis hnov ​​​​qab".
4. Kev hloov pauv ntawm micro- koob: Micro- koob nrog qhov ntev ntawm 100-1500 micrometers nkag mus rau hauv lub stratum corneum nkaus xwb (tsis muaj cov hlab ntsha xaus) thiab ua tiav cov tshuaj tsis mob. Silicon micro- koob yog tsim los ntawm lithography technology, nrog ib txoj kab uas hla tsuas yog 30 micrometers; lawv tuaj yeem yaj tau siv cov ntaub ntawv xws li hyaluronic acid thiab tau nqus tag nrho tom qab kev tswj hwm. Cov kab mob qhua pias-cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella micro-needle thaj ntawm American Micron Biomedical Company tau ua tiav Phase II kev sim tshuaj hauv Gambia thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib piv rau cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj.
Lub Ntiaj Teb Ntsuab ntawm Biodegradable Needles
Txhua xyoo, 160,000 tons ntawm rab koob pov tseg raug tsim tawm thoob ntiaj teb. Cov koob degradable tau dhau los ua qhov kev zam tsis tau. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) koob tuaj yeem degrade tag nrho tsis pub dhau 6 lub hlis hauv lub cev thiab muaj zog ntawm 50 MPa, uas txaus nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog "kev lom zem-kev tshoov siab tsim": ua raws li cov qauv asymmetric serrated ntawm yoov tshaj cum qhov ncauj, qhov kev tiv thaiv raug txo los ntawm 30%; kos kev tshoov siab los ntawm barbs ntawm muv stingers, nws tuaj yeem txiav tawm thiab nyob hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij rau kev xa tshuaj txuas ntxiv tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Academy of Sciences tso tawm pH- cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm degradation thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav hauv zos.
Kev koom ua ke ntawm Wireless Technology thiab Internet ntawm Yam
Lub koob ntse ntse nrog lub cim RFID nti tuaj yeem sau cov lej batch, hnub tas sijhawm, thiab lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab cia li xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kho mob hluav taws xob. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog kev daws teeb meem Bluetooth: cov khoom tsim los ntawm Asmeskas tuam txhab SmartSyringe. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiav lawm, nws cia li sau cov koob tshuaj, sijhawm, thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev tswj hwm, thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Bluetooth mus rau lub xov tooj ntawm tes APP, muab cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa rau kev tswj kab mob ntev. Hauv kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19, cov cuab yeej no tau pab Is Nrias teb ua tiav qhov tseeb ntawm 250 lab koob tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Lub 3D luam tawm kiv puag ncig ntawm tus kheej tsim
3D-cov koob luam tawm raws li cov neeg mob cov ntaub ntawv CT tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li lub kaum sab xis, qhov ntev thiab sab qhov chaw. Lub US FDA tau pom zoo thawj tus neeg mob - tshwj xeeb biopsy koob rau lub ntsws nodule puncture, nrog rau txoj kev npaj qhov tseeb ntawm 0.3 millimeters. Dab tsi yog qhov kev xav ntau tshaj plaws yog "4D-} luam tawm" koob: siv cov duab cim xeeb polymers, nws cia li hloov los ntawm rab koob ncaj mus rau qhov preset nkhaus zoo ntawm lub cev kub, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Qhov kawg extension ntawm lub hlwb -computer interfaces
Hauv kev txiav-ntug teb ntawm neuroscience, "neural plua plav" koob array nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 7 micrometers tuaj yeem cog rau hauv lub hlwb siv lub koob txhaj tshuaj. Txhua rab koob ntiv tes nta ib tus nanosensor uas tuaj yeem sau cov haujlwm hluav taws xob ntawm ib tus neeg neurons, muab cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag - sijhawm rau kev kho mob ntawm Parkinson tus kab mob thiab mob vwm. Cov txheej txheem "Stentrode" los ntawm University of California, Berkeley, hloov pauv los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj vascular mus rau hauv stent-zoo li electrode array, ua tiav thawj qhov tsis yog -craniotomy hlwb- tshuab interface.
Los ntawm cov lus qhia koob ntse hauv Zurich lub chaw soj nstuam mus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv micro- koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov zos African, los ntawm 3D- luam tawm cov koob tshuaj ntawm tus kheej mus rau degradable txhob lo lo ntxhuav protein injectors - yav tom ntej ntawm koob txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous yog hloov los ntawm "passive tool" mus rau "kev siv tshuaj", los ntawm "inventionaldiscriminated" "yuav tsum tau mob" mus rau "painless experience". Qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev hloov ntsiag to no tej zaum yuav yog lub ntiaj teb uas tsis muaj kev ntshai ntshai: nyob ntawd, kev kho mob yuav zoo li cua daj cua dub ntawm lub ntsej muag, meej xws li nanosurgery, ntse zoo li lub cev tus kheej txoj cai - tias rab koob hlau tho rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum kawg yuav dhau los ua tus choj txuas rau tib neeg lub cev nrog kev txawj ntse.