Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ntsuas Rau FNAB

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/breast-biopsy/about/pac-20384812

Raws li cov txheej txheem classical hauv minimally invasive mis diagnostics, Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy(FNAB) leverages nws lub zog tseem ceeb -ultra-tseem ceeb heev invasiveness, txheej txheem ceev ceev, kev nyab xeeb, thiab tsis tshua muaj kev pheej hmoo- los tsim kom tau ib daim ntawv thov kev kho mob spectrum. Qhov no suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas qhov txhab, kev kuaj pom tseeb, kev saib xyuas kev kho mob, thiab kev qhia txog kev kho mob ntxiv. FNAB ua pov thawj hloov tau mus rau ntau qhov kev txawv txav ntawm lub mis, nrog rau cov hlwv, cov nodules, microcalcifications, axillary lymphadenopathy, thiab lub txiv mis tawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis txuas nrog kev sib koom tes ntawm cov kws phais lub mis, kws kho hluav taws xob, thiab cov kws kho mob.

Kev kuaj mob thiab kev tswj cov kab mob cystic mis sawv cev rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm FNAB. Muab qhov ntau ntawm cov hlwv yooj yim thiab cov cystic nodules nyuaj, cov duab ib leeg ib leeg feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv cyst cov ntsiab lus tseeb. FNAB pab txhawb kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev nrog rau ultra- koob zoo rau cov kua dej aspirate rau kev soj ntsuam cytological: cov kua ntshiab ntshiab, feem ntau txhais tau hais tias benignancy, tsis tas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntxiv; conversely, turbid, serosanguineous, los yog kas fes - cov kua xim muaj xim ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab rau cov kab mob hauv qab, xav tau kev tshawb nrhiav tob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem tso cai ua kom tiav cyst khiav tawm, sib koom ua ke kuaj mob nrog kev kho decompression hauv ib zaug. Qhov no zam kev phais thiab mus pw hauv tsev kho mob, tsim FNAB raws li qhov kev nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm kev tawm tsam rau cov kab mob hauv lub mis.

Cov yam ntxwv ua ntej ntawm lub mis nodules yog nws daim ntawv thov feem ntau. Rau BI-RADS qeb 3 thiab 4a cov kab mob harboring qis-rau- nruab nrab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, FNAB tau txais cov cell dawb kom sib txawv ntawm cov kev hloov pauv zoo, fibroadenomas, inflammatory nodules, thiab cov kab mob malignancies. Piv nrog rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntau dua nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais koob tshuaj biopsies, FNAB muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev mob nkeeg thiab rov qab sai. Qhov no ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau siab - ntim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tus neeg mob sab nraud, ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm cov kab mob benign thaum txheeb xyuas qhov siab - cov neeg sib tw txaus ntshai rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv chaw kho mob. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau palpable superficial masses, muab ncaj ncaj manipulation thiab sai tau tshwm sim, feem ntau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 5-10 feeb kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ceev{13}} taug qab kev kuaj mob.

Pab hauv kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub mis microcalcifications thiab cov mob inflammatory ua rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntxiv. Thaum FNAB tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm biopsy rau retrieving calcified hais, meej tsis zoo siab aspiration tuaj yeem ruaj cov hlwb nyob ib puag ncig calcifications. Qhov no pab kom paub txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm calcifications thiab ntsuas qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm Ductal Carcinoma Hauv Situ (DCIS). Hais txog cov kab mob inflammatory xws li plasma cell mastitis los yog granulomatous mastitis, FNAB tuaj yeem coj cov kab mob inflammatory kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov mob ntawm lub mis mob cancer, qhia txog kev tiv thaiv - inflammatory regimens los yog kev npaj phais. Tseem ceeb heev, rau siab - cov kab mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo nyob ib sab ntawm kev cog qoob loo los yog nyob ze rau ntawm lub pleural hauv ob sab phlu, qhov twg cov tub ntxhais biopsy ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo siab, qhov qis - kev raug mob profile ntawm FNAB feem ntau ua rau nws ib leeg muaj kev nyab xeeb sampling lwm txoj.

Kev ntsuam xyuas cov qog nqaij hlav axillary thiab saib xyuas oncological ua raws- sawv cev rau cov xwm txheej kho mob uas tsis tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv preoperative staging rau mob cancer ntawm lub mis, FNAB enables minimally invasive sampling ntawm nodal hlwb kom sai sai ascertain metastatic kev koom tes, coj txoj kev phais (xws li, sentinel node biopsy vs. axillary clearance) thiab neoadjuvant chemotherapy txiav txim. Tom qab-kev kho mob, serial FNAB tso cai rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv zos lossis qhov txawv txav ntawm lub sijhawm ntev - lub sijhawm ua raws- nce. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlwb aspirated tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev kuaj genomic thiab molecular profiling, muab cov ntaub ntawv rau kev kho tus kheej lossis kev kho mob endocrine. Qhov no txuas ntxiv FNAB qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tshaj li kev kuaj mob rau kev ua kom muaj tseeb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.