Kev sib koom ua ke hauv cov hlau, polymer thiab txheej txheej txheem

Taw qhia: Cov ntaub ntawv txiav txim siab kev ua tau zoo
Kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov koob txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous yog nyob hauv kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv. Cov khoom siv koob zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li ntau qhov kev xav tau nruj: muaj zog txhua yam kom nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, zoo heev toughness los tiv thaiv kev tawg, zoo heev corrosion kuj los xyuas kom meej kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb, thiab zoo processability kom tiav precision manufacturing. Qhov kev hloov tshiab tas mus li hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau ua rau cov koob txhaj tshuaj niaj hnub no kom tsis tu ncua los ntawm kev txo cov kev raug mob, txhawb kev nplij siab, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.
Kev kho mob stainless hlau: Kev nrhiav kev ua tau zoo hauv cov khoom siv classic
316L stainless hlau tseem yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov koob txhaj tshuaj. Nws superiority yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb alloy piv: 16-18% chromium tsim ib tug tiv thaiv zaj duab xis, 10-14% npib tsib xee stabilizes lub austenitic qauv, 2-3% molybdenum txhim khu tsis kam rau pitting corrosion, thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon yog tswj hauv qab no 0.03% kom txo intergranular corrosion. Txawm li cas los xij, ib txwm 316L ntsib cov teeb meem hauv kev tsim cov koob zoo heev (<30G): when the wall thickness is only 0.1-0.15mm, it is difficult to balance strength and flexibility.
Cov tiam tshiab ntawm kev kho mob stainless hlau muaj nws cov kev ua tau zoo los ntawm micro-alloying:
- Ntxiv 0.1-0.3% nitrogen kom muaj zog los ntawm 30% tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam toughness.
- Tswj cov ntsiab lus ferrite hauv qab 0.5% kom ntseeg tau tias ferromagnetic zog thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog MRI ib puag ncig.
- Ultra- siab purity smelting (S cov ntsiab lus <0.001%) los txhim kho corrosion kuj.
Kev siv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov alloys tshwj xeeb
Hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb kho mob, cov alloys tshwj xeeb qhia tau tias tus nqi tshwj xeeb:
Nitinol (nickel{0}}titanium alloy) yog nto moo rau nws super elasticity. Tom qab khoov los ntawm 50%, nws tseem tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau nws cov qauv qub, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev txhaj tshuaj sib sib zog nqus thiab kev kho mob. Nws cov cuab yeej nco zoo tuaj yeem siv los tsim qhov kub thiab txias- cov lus qhia koob teb, uas tau hloov kho lawv lub kaum ntse ntse thaum ntsib lub cev kub.
Platinum-iridium alloy (90% platinum + 10% iridium) muaj ob qho tib si ceev thiab lom neeg tsis muaj zog, thiab yog siv rau kev sau cov suab paj nruag neuroelectrophysiological thiab sib sib zog nqus hlwb stimulation. Nws qhov siab X-ray visibility yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw.
Tantalum yog siv nyob rau hauv ntev - lub sij hawm indwelling koob vim nws zoo heev biocompatibility thiab corrosion kuj. Lub ntuj tsim oxide txheej nyob rau saum npoo ntawm tantalum chemically bonds nrog cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg, yooj yim rau cov pob txha integration.
Lub revolutionary peev xwm ntawm polymer koob
Txawm hais tias cov koob polymer tsis muaj zog zoo li cov hlau, lawv qhov tshwj xeeb zoo tau ua rau cov ntawv thov tshiab:
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) muaj qhov elastic modulus zoo ib yam li cov pob txha cortical, txo cov kev ntxhov siab tiv thaiv thiab ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev txhaj tshuaj intramedullary. Nws X-ray transparency pab kev soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm, thiab nws tsis pom muaj cov khoom cuav hauv CT/MRI.
Ib -sijhawm koob tshuaj uas siv tau los ntawm biodegradable polymers xws li polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) maj mam decompose nyob rau hauv lub cev, zam qhov yuav tsum tau rau reinsertion. Lub sij hawm degradation (2 lub lis piam mus rau 6 lub hlis) tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev kho cov monomer piv.
Lub koob hydrogel nthuav dav thaum nws los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov ntaub so ntswg, ua tiav cov nyhuv anchoring thiab tiv thaiv lub koob ntawm kev hloov thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau dynamic cheeb tsam xws li ib ncig ntawm cov pob qij txha.
Surface Engineering: Los ntawm Lubrication mus rau Functionalization
Kev kho saum npoo ntawm cov koob tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm cov lubrication yooj yim mus rau ntau yam -functional platform:
Silicone coatings tseem yog cov ntsiab lus lubrication, tab sis cov roj silicone ib txwm tuaj yeem txav thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov tiam tshiab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig- txuas silicone muaj nws cov kav ntev tau nce los ntawm tsib zaug los ntawm covalent bonding. Lub gradient silicone txheej ua tiav ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sib txhuam coefficient ntawm rab koob mus rau rab koob, ua rau cov txheej txheem puncture ruaj khov.
Lub pob zeb diamond-zoo li cov roj carbon (DLC) txheej ua rau lub hardness ze li ntawm pob zeb diamond, nrog kev sib txhuam coefficient tsawg li 0.1, thiab txuas lub neej kev pab cuam los ntawm 3 mus rau 5 zaug. Lub silicon-doped DLC txheej muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntaub so ntswg lom.
Bioactive coatings yog nyob rau ntawm kev txiav - ntug:
- Cov txheej txheej heparin tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws thiab ua kom cov koob hauv tsev tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
- Cov tshuaj tua kab mob (nyiaj nanoparticles, chlorhexidine) txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv- txheej txheej proliferative (paclitaxel, rapamycin) tiv thaiv stenosis ntawm rab koob hauv cov hlab ntsha.
- Lub endothelialization-txheej txheej txheej (CD34 antibody) accelerates kho ntawm koob channel.
Kev tsim kho tshiab hauv Nanostructured Surfaces
Kev tshoov siab los ntawm qhov ncauj qhov ncauj ntawm yoov tshaj cum, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov asymmetric nano- cov lus qhia ridged koob, txo qhov kev quab yuam los ntawm 30%. Kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov hniav ntawm cov nab, ntau- cov koob channel tuaj yeem txhaj ntau yam tshuaj ib txhij, zam qhov teeb meem sib xws. Kev tshoov siab los ntawm bristles ntawm cov nroj tsuag, qhov thim rov qab micro- tus qauv sib txuas ua rau rab koob yooj yim nkag mus thiab tsis yooj yim tshem tawm, haum rau kho cov ntaub so ntswg nrog cov koob tshuaj biopsy.
Frontier kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntse teb
Stimuli-cov ntaub ntawv xav tau tuaj yeem kho lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo raws li kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig:
Qhov kub thiab txias - teb cov koob tshuaj hydrogel nthuav dav ntawm lub cev qhov kub thiab txias, kaw cov koob channel kom tiv thaiv cov tshuaj reflux. Cov pH-cov txheej txheem teb tso tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv- mob rau ntawm qhov chaw mob (hauv thaj chaw acidic). Lub enzyme- teb koob tshuaj tiv thaiv degrades nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav siab -matrix metalloproteinase ib puag ncig, tsom rau kev tso tawm cov tshuaj khomob.
Conductive polymer koob (xws li polypyrrole thiab polyaniline) tuaj yeem ua tiav ib txhij ua tiav hluav taws xob stimulation thiab tso tshuaj, thiab siv rau kev tsim cov paj hlwb thiab kev tswj xyuas qhov mob.
Cov ntsiab lus: Cov khoom siv innovation tsav lub evolution ntawm koob.
Kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov koob txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous tau dhau mus dhau qhov kev txhim kho yooj yim ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab tau txav mus rau kev ua haujlwm lom neeg, kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig, thiab kev kho mob sib koom ua ke. Kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau, kev tawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer, thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov haujlwm saum npoo tau ua ke ua rau kev hloov ntawm cov koob los ntawm cov cuab yeej passive mus rau kev kho mob. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov koob tuaj yeem hloov kho cov khoom tsim raws li tus kheej genotypes, kab mob xeev, thiab kev kho mob xav tau, ua tiav cov tshuaj tus kheej tiag tiag.